Red fox mating behavior varies substantially. Average basal metabolic rate 13.731 W AnAge.

Body mass and length among populations also varies with latitude (being larger in the north, according to Bergmann's rule). Populations in southern deserts and in North America are smaller than European populations. Head and body length ranges from 455 to 900 mm, tail length from 300 to 555 mm, and weight from 3 to 14 kg. Red foxes are the largest of the Vulpes species. The first digit, or dew claw, is rudimentary but clawed and does not contact the ground. The manus has 5 claws and the pes 4 claws. The premolars are simple and pointed, with the exception of upper fourth premolars, the carnassials. The tooth row is more than half the length of the skull. In Vulpes vulpes this gland is located 75 mm above the root of the tail on its upper surface and lies within the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Red foxes, like many other canid species, have tail glands. These variants are about 25% and 10% of red fox individuals, respectively. Silver foxes range from strong silver to nearly black and are the most prized by furriers. Cross foxes have reddish brown fur with a black stripe down the back and another across the shoulders. The lower part of the legs is usually black and the tail usually has a white or black tip.

Range elevation 0 to 4500 m 0.00 to 14763.78 ftĬoloration of red foxes ranges from pale yellowish red to deep reddish brown on the upper parts and white, ashy or slaty on the underside.

They are found from sea level to 4500 meters elevation. They prefer mixed vegetation communities, such as edge habitats and mixed scrub and woodland. Red foxes utilize a wide range of habitats including forest, tundra, prairie, desert, mountains, farmlands, and urban areas. Red foxes have also been introduced to Australia and the Falkland Islands. This species has the widest distribution of any canid. Red foxes are found throughout much of the northern hemisphere from the Arctic circle to Central America, the steppes of central Asia, and northern Africa.

Fox predators